Stony Brook University, Department of Physics and Astronomy

 

QUANTUM MECHANICS
(PHY 511/512)

Fall 2008/Spring 2009

Instructor:     

                        Konstantin K. Likharev

                        E-mail: klikharev@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

                        Office: Rm. B-135

                        Phone: 2-8159

                        Office hours: Thursday 3:00 to 5:00 pm

 

Preliminary Syllabus:                                    

1. Introduction
Summary of experimental motivations for quantum mechanics. Basic postulates of wave mechanics; the Schrödinger  equation and its plane-wave solution, the operators of momentum and energy. Discussion: wavefunction and probability, statistical ensembles, expectation values of observables. Eigenvalues and eigenstates; example: 1D quantum well. Discrete and continuous spectra. Continuity equation, probability current.

2. 1D wave mechanics
Plane waves, wave packets.
Reflection from a potential step. Tunneling through delta-functional and rectangular barriers. 1D scattering and the transfer matrix. Resonant tunneling. Motion in a periodic potential; the Bloch theorem, energy bands and gaps. The WKB approximation, classical turning points, the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, the Kemble formula. Propagator, the Feynman path integral. Harmonic oscillator, the Fock (stationary) states. Metastable states and their decay. Rectangular and quasiclassical double quantum wells. Inconvenience of wave mechanics for those problems.

3. 2D and 3D problems
Generalization to higher dimensions. 2D and 3D harmonic oscillators, rotators and spherical quantum wells. Symmetry at rotation, angular momentum; Bohr’s atom. Partial quantum confinement, two-slit interference description. Motion in EM field; the Aharonov-Bohm effect; the Landau levels. 2D and 3D scattering characterization. The Born approximation, optical theorem, eikonal approximation. Partial phase method, hard sphere scattering, resonant scattering.

4. The bra-ket formalism
Bra and ket vectors. Scalar (inner) product. Linear operators, commutators and anti-commutators. Identity, adjoint and self-adjoint (Hermitian) operators. Compatible and incompatible observables; the uncertainty relation. Orthonormal sets and matrix formalism. Outer products and projection operators. Change of basis. Matrix diagonalization. The Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures of quantum dynamics. The Ehrenfest theorem. Coordinate operator, reduction to wave mechanics. Revisiting the harmonic oscillator: creation and annihilation operators, the Fock states, the Glauber (coherent) states, squeezed states.

5. Perturbation theories
Constant perturbation in non-degenerate and degenerate systems; anharmonic oscillator, the Stark effect. Time-dependent perturbation theory; the Rabi oscillations. Transitions in continuous spectrum, the "Fermi Golden Rule”.

6. Spin

            Insufficiency of wave mechanics. Spin operator; the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its description. Spin dynamics. Revisiting the coupled quantum wells. Qubits and quantum computing. Spin addition to orbital momentum; Clebsh-Gordan coefficients; Zeeman effect.

7. Open systems, quantum statistics, and quantum measurements
Coupling to environment. Pure and mixed quantum states. The density matrix. Classical mixtures in thermal equilibrium. The Wigner function. Density matrix dynamics without and with interaction with environment, dephasing. Quantum measurements and ensemble redefinition. The Bayes theorem. Bell’s inequalities and the local reality problem.

8. Identical particles
Permutation symmetry, indistinguishability principle, bosons and fermions. Two-electron systems, singlet and triplet states, helium atom, covalent (chemical) bond. Atoms, periodic table of elements. Second quantization for bosons and fermions, the Fermi gas of interacting electrons. The Hartri and Hartri-Fock approximations.

9. Quantum theory of EM field
Electromagnetic field modes and their quantization. The Casimir effect. The notion of photon; its energy, momentum, and angular momentum. EM field statistics, coherence, 2nd order correlation functions, photon bunching and antibunching. Quantum EM field interaction with charged particles. Spontaneous and induced transitions, the electric dipole transition rate, the Einstein coefficients.

10. Quantum theory of relativistic particles
The relativistic Schrödinger equation, particles and antiparticles. Dirac equation, introduction of spin. Relativistic Fermi particles in EM field, spin-orbit interaction, application to atomic spectra. Relativistic theory of the hydrogen atom.

11. Quantum field theory concepts preview

 

Recommended textbooks:     

                        E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, Wiley, 1998
                        L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics, Non-Relativistic Theory, 3rd ed. Pergamon, 1977

                        J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, 1994

 

Lectures:        

                        Twice a week (80 minutes each)

                                    kind request: be on time

 

Homeworks:                          

                        Weekly (with just a few exceptions)

completed work due: in 7 days after the assignment

                                    late submission penalty: 10% a day

 

Exams:           

                        Two midterm exams (80 minutes each) and a final (2 hours 30 minutes) each semester

                        All exams: books open

 

Final grade components:                   

                        Homeworks:    15%

                        Midterms:        25+25%

                        Final exam:      35%

 

PHY 511 Logistics (Fall 2008):

Lectures: Tuesday and Thursday 11:20-12:40 (first lecture: Sep. 2)

room: P-112

                        Exams (all in the lecture room):

                                    midterms: preliminary, Tuesday Oct. 14 and Tuesday Nov. 11 (lecture time)

                                    final: Thursday Dec. 18 (11:00 am – 1:30 pm)

                        Grader: Savvas Zafiropoulos

e-mail: savvaslz@gmail.com

room: C-121

                                    office hours: Monday and Wednesday 10:30 to 11:30 am (or by special appointment via e-mail)

                                               

University-Mandated Statements:

                        Americans with Disabilities Act: If you have a physical, psychological, medical or learning disability that may impact your course work, please contact Disability Support Services, ECC (Educational Communications Center) Building, room 128, (631) 632-6748. They will determine with you what accommodations are necessary and appropriate. All information and documentation is confidential.

                        Emergency Evacuation: Students who require assistance during emergency evacuation are encouraged to discuss their needs with their professors and Disability Support Services. For procedures and information go to the following website: http://www.sunysb.edu/ehs/fire/disabilities.shtml.

                        Academic Integrity: Each student must pursue his or her academic goals honestly and be personally accountable for all submitted work. Representing another person's work as your own is always wrong. Faculty are required to report and suspected instances of academic dishonesty to the Academic Judiciary. For more comprehensive information on academic integrity, including categories of academic dishonesty, please refer to the academic judiciary website at http://www.stonybrook.edu/uaa/academicjudiciary/ .

                        Critical Incident Management: Stony Brook University expects students to respect the rights, privileges, and property of other people. Faculty are required to report to the Office of Judicial Affairs any disruptive behavior that interrupts their ability to teach, compromises the safety of the learning environment, or inhibits students' ability to learn.